Cómo influye su dieta en el bienestar intestinal, que luego juega un papel clave en el desarrollo de enfermedades

Jorge Carlos Fernández Francés El Sardinero
Jorge Carlos Fernández Francés El Sardinero

Los científicos y los profesionales médicos continúan descubriendo pruebas que respaldan el vínculo entre la salud intestinal y la prevención de enfermedades. Además, investigaciones recientes muestran que los componentes de la dieta de un individuo también juegan un papel esencial en la integridad y el bienestar del microbioma intestinal.

El microbioma intestinal consiste en una mezcla de microorganismos como microbios, virus y bacterias que viven en el tracto gastrointestinal. Si bien el estilo de vida y los factores biológicos afectan la composición del microbioma intestinal de un individuo, los estudios muestran que las opciones de nutrición contribuyen en gran medida a la composición de la flora intestinal.

Los componentes del estudio

En un estudio reciente, los investigadores investigaron la respuesta corporal interna a los alimentos en más de 1100 sujetos voluntarios. Los investigadores utilizaron la secuenciación metagenómica para examinar la composición única de microorganismos del microbioma intestinal de cada sujeto. El equipo recopiló datos sobre la ingesta nutricional a largo plazo para analizar los patrones dietéticos. Además, el estudio incluyó la información de salud personal del sujeto, como el riesgo de enfermedad, los niveles de glucosa, el metabolismo, el colesterol y la inflamación. Por último, los investigadores recopilaron las medidas de salud de cada sujeto (edad, peso, IMC, presión arterial y composición de grasa corporal).

Cómo la dieta juega un papel en el microbioma intestinal y la prevención de enfermedades

Los resultados muestran que la dieta influye en la composición del microbioma intestinal. Además, los hallazgos revelan que las elecciones nutricionales y los patrones dietéticos afectan los factores de riesgo de enfermedades y los resultados de salud. Además, distintas bacterias intestinales están vinculadas a ciertos nutrientes, según el estudio.

Por ejemplo, los patrones dietéticos que incluyen productos procesados, alimentos con alto contenido de azúcar, carnes con alto contenido de grasa y productos lácteos producen microbios intestinales que se relacionan con la inflamación, el colesterol alto y el aumento de los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Estos factores de riesgo de enfermedades también contribuyen a un mayor riesgo de accidentes cerebrovasculares, problemas cardíacos y la posibilidad de aparición de diabetes tipo 2.

Por el contrario, el estudio encuentra que los patrones dietéticos que incluyen el consumo de nueces, pescado, huevos y verduras con alto contenido de fibra (como el brócoli y las espinacas) contribuyen a una flora intestinal diversa. Esta diversidad en el microbioma intestinal se relaciona con menores riesgos de enfermedades crónicas y problemas de salud. Además, las dietas que incluyen grasas poliinsaturadas en alimentos como la linaza, las semillas de chía, el pescado y los aceites de soja no hidrogenados generan microbios intestinales que reducen el riesgo de enfermedades.

Los alimentos no procesados ​​de origen vegetal son los mejores

En general, el estudio indica que el consumo regular de alimentos de origen vegetal no procesados ​​permite que la flora intestinal prospere y contribuye a la diversidad del microbioma intestinal. Estos hallazgos son esenciales para evitar los factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas. La ingesta nutricional habitual que gira principalmente en torno a los alimentos derivados de plantas que son integrales y sin procesar puede afectar directamente la flora intestinal en todo el tracto gastrointestinal, lo que lleva a un aumento en la salud y el bienestar general.

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